What is a common method of contraception for dogs and cats?

Spaying and neutering are well-established methods of contraception for dogs and cats. Spaying, which involves the surgical removal of a female animal's ovaries and usually the uterus, prevents heat cycles and eliminates the possibility of unwanted pregnancies. Neutering refers to the surgical removal of a male animal's testicles, which reduces testosterone levels and prevents mating behaviors. Both procedures not only control the pet population but also contribute to the overall health of the animals, reducing the risks of certain cancers and health issues associated with continued reproductive cycles.

Other methods mentioned, such as hormonal injections, may offer temporary solutions for contraception but carry risks and are not as commonly used as spaying and neutering. Condensed feeding and behavioral training do not directly impact reproductive capabilities or serve as effective forms of contraception. Thus, spaying and neutering remain the most reliable and permanent methods of preventing unwanted offspring in pet populations.